"Am I Not Pretty Enough?" The Warped Perception of Beauty in 'Uglies'

In this analysis, I will explore the representation of beauty and ugliness in Scott Westerfeld's novel Uglies (2005), and how language is used to set up our modern world of comparison and perfectionism as the most dreadful dystopia. The novel asks readers to assess whether the world would be a better place if we were all the same, and what effect monoculturalism has if the image of acceptability is singular and naturally unattainable.

As a part of Year 8's differentiated novel study unit on dystopian literature this term, some of the students opted to read Scott Westerfeld's novel Uglies (2005). While my class of 60 students chose to cover other books, I was intrigued to explore this novel myself. In the world of the novel, everyone without full body cosmetic surgery is considered ugly, and must wait until they are sixteen years old to undergo 'the operation' that will make them 'a pretty'. Uglies all live in Uglyville (where everyone is apparently "ugly" and "vile"), and are plagued with deep self loafing as they await their surgery, which will allow them to start a life of frivolity and luxury in New Pretty Town. There is however more to the story, and a price that must be paid for this initiation into this apparent utopia.

To some extent, we have all been in the position of looking at ourselves in the mirror and not being happy with what we see, especially when we do not see ourselves as favourably represented in the media. When something goes wrong, rather than asking "why me?" and "what have I done to deserve this?", after being conditioned in a society that thrives on feelings of inadequacy and never being enough, the brain can get into the habit of turning all questioning inward, and unproductively demand to know if:

Am I not pretty enough?

Is my heart too broken?

Do I cry too much?

Am I too outspoken?

Don't I make you laugh?

Should I try it harder?

Why do you see right through me?

- Not Pretty Enough by Kasey Chambers (2001)

As a child in the early 2000s, I idolised Lindsay Lohan, the Olsen Twins, Paris Hilton, and Mischa Barton. As I grew up, my perception of not only beauty, but success, happiness, and power were informed by what I saw on television, in films, and printed on the glossy pages of Harper's Bazaar magazine. While it is a rational and factual reality that people who look and act differently gain what they are looking for in life, falling down the rabbit hole of "why do I look like this, when they look like that?" becomes almost inevitable to a point, especially when the image of what is good and socially acceptable is so singular and often reinforced in everything you see and hear.

In the novel, the bright allure of New Pretty Town and the promise of conformity is powdered with doubt from the very first sentence. The novel opens with "The early summer sky was the colour of cat vomit". The metaphor highlights that there is something physically repulsive, disgusting and perhaps overindulgent about the swirling pink sunset, a sight which would usually be very pleasing to most. The image is extended as our protagonist Tally considers that "...you'd have to feed your cat only salmon-flavoured cat food for a while, to get the pinks right. The scudding clouds did look a bit fishy, rippled into scales by a high altitude wind" (p. 3). An interesting detail that one may not immediately pick up is that of the metaphorical cat food being "salmon-flavoured", rather than just salmon. This points to the artificiality of the world of the novel, and that not everything is as it seems. The clouds that are described to literally look "fishy" are also an example of pathetic fallacy, as the physical elements of the landscape are mirroring the fishiness of the setting which our protagonist faces. As Tally gazes towards New Pretty Town, "...snakes of burning torches marked flickering pathways through the pleasure gardens" (p. 3). While the town looks perfect to Tally Youngblood, a young-blooded and impressionable teenager on the brink of maturity, the Biblical allusion to the snake in the Garden of Eden warns the reader of the evil temptations that are present in this apparent haven. As a reader, Tally's glimpse into New Pretty Town from Uglyville is similar to a regular person opening a magazine, or scrolling through a model's Instagram page. In these instances, what may appear spontaneously perfect has been carefully constructed, edited, and selected with strategical precision. While many people know this as a fact, it is hard to see the cracks in the image when you are not only the targeted audience, but the 'captured' audience in that moment. As a result, it can be easy to unknowingly develop tunnel vision like Tally, and only see what we are allowed to see. Thus, the blur between perception and reality is marked as a key concern early in the story.

In dystopian fiction, the society that is presented may seem to be not only functional but also ideal upon first inspection.Through reading, the responder as well as Tally must be shaken awake and out of the dream set up by a lifetime of social conditioning. Like any typical ugly, Tally is looking forward to her surgery. This is made apparent to reader by her repeatedly counting down the time to her birthday, from "...three months and two days"(p.3) at the start of the novel to "...two months and twenty-six days" (p. 37) when she meets Shay, a fellow ugly who shares her birthday, but not her views about the operation. While Tally likes to sneak out after curfew and spy on the pretties in New Pretty Town, Shay plays "ugly tricks" like this not out of envy of others, but to enjoy being different and being free to have fun. According to Shay, being pretty makes you "Pretty and boring...[as]....Doing what you're supposed to do is always boring. I can't image anything worse than being required to have fun" (p. 49). Tally's thinking around the New Pretty Town being a joyful place is directly challenged by the idea that fun is something you have to do, rather than something you are free to have. Thus, the seemingly carefree society is revealed to be a facade as it only looks that way because people have to make it look like that. Foreshadowing is used to warn the readers about the pretties when Shay makes the joke "All that glitters is not hovery" (p. 60). With the fake word "hovery", Shay explains in a lighthearted manner how the hoverboards work best over iron rather than gold. In this moment, Shay references the well known idiom 'all that glitters is not gold', in order to warn Tally and the reader to look beyond initial appearances, and not to be taken in and dazzled by something that looks beautiful, as 'beautiful' is not always synonymous with 'good'.

In a less subtle way, Shay also attempts to challenge Tally by describing the operation in a way Tally had "never heard" before, "...when they do the operation - when they grind and stretch your bones to the right shape, peel off your face and rub all your skin away, and stick in plastic cheekbones so you look like everybody else - may after going through all that you just aren't very interesting anymore" (p. 50). In this moment, Tally physically flinches. This shows the reader her automatic bodily reaction to this harsh description of reality. While her mind has been conditioned to accept the surgery as normal and good, her actions speak louder than words, as in her body she knows something is not right. In quiet thought, Tally remembers that "Even in bio class, where they went into the details, it didn't sound that bad". This moment highlights that social conditioning has infiltrated the education system, and that the agenda of this dystopian world is being taught and presented as facts of life to the citizens from a young age. Tally then attempts to dismiss Shay's claims by saying that they "...won't even know what's happening. You just have pretty dreams the whole time". This dialogue comes across as someone else's words, as if she is quoting the biology teacher. Here, Tally's actions show her cognitive dissonance, a state that "...occurs when a person's behaviors and beliefs do not align. It may also happen when a person holds two beliefs that contradict one another. Cognitive dissonance causes feelings of unease and tension, and people attempt to relieve this discomfort in different ways"(Leonard, 2019). While Tally can tell that something is certainly off in the world she is living in, she is wanting to keep her eyes closed to the reality of the situation. In instances of cognitive dissonance, facing the fact that what has always been known to be true is not as is seems is painful, thus it is more comfortable to reject anything that conflicts with these beliefs. In Uglies, Tally is not only indoctrinated by the leaders of this world, but also desperately wants what she has been taught to be true, as the possibility of it being a lie is far too painful to conceive.

With purposeful language choices, Westerfeld makes a strong case against social monoculturalism as the answer to inequality. In order to gain a clear perspective, it is essential in the case of Tally to distance herself from the closed world of Uglyville and New Pretty Town. According to YourDictionary, 'monoculture' can be defined as being "A single, homogeneous culture without diversity or dissension...A group, society, etc. characterized by cultural uniformity" or "The cultivation of a single crop on a farm or in a region or country...The raising of only one crop or product without using the land for other purposes"(YourDictionary, 2022). In a social context, the idea presents that sameness is the answer to issues around inequality. In the world of Uglies, every citizen goes through the same educational system, and waits until they are sixteen to get the operation, which allows them to enter the same seemingly utopian society. In theory, everyone is on the same playing field. Lois Lowry in her novel The Giver (1993) played with a similar idea around sameness, where it also meant for the people in that society to see in black and white, and be without emotion. In Chapter 12, the Giver tells the protagonist Jonas that "Our people made that choice, the choice to go to Sameness. Before my time, before the previous time, back and back and back. We relinquished color when we relinquished sunshine and did away with difference. We gained control of many things. But we had to let go of others." In a sense, the world of The Giver appears to be ideal. Without colour, there is no racism. Without choice around jobs and vocation, people do not need to fight for job security. Without love, there is no heartbreak. Much like in the Uglies however, cracks form as inherent hypocrisies within the system are revealed.

By using the agricultural meaning of monoculture, the book makes a point to reveal the destructive power of sameness. As Tally enters the territory near the camp of runaways known as The Smoke, she comes across a group of men who are spreading fires across the landscape to "...save the world, kid" (p. 180). According to these 'rangers', around 300 years ago the "phragmipedium panthera" or "white tiger orchid" had been genetically engineered to grow and spread easily, as "...a single bulb was worth more than a house...[now] there's zillions of them". The hyperbole highlights the extent to which the flowers now blanket the field. Tally questions why it is a problem, as "They're nice". Here, Tally continues to equate beauty with goodness. The ranger replies saying that it is "One of the most beautiful plants in the world...They turned into the ultimate weed. What we call a monoculture. They crowd out every other species, choke trees and grass...". He goes on to explain that that lack of trees caused the hummingbirds that spread their seed to move away "So the orchids eventually die out, victims of their own success, leaving a wasteland behind. Biological zero" (p. 182). The orchids can be seen as an extended metaphor for the pretties. Much like how agricultural monoculture can lead to the destruction of all plants in an area, the plan to make everyone exactly the same may be to the detriment of the human race. If we were all the same and all 'perfect', nothing would change and improve. If what was perfect was a set standard, we would never learn about others and gain a wider world view outside of our immediate surroundings. In agriculture and in society, isolation is shown to be deadly. In response, Tally thinks that "The flowers were so beautiful, so delicate and unthreatening, but they choked everything around them" (p. 183). The juxtaposition between the gentle appearance and deadly nature of the orchids highlights that appearances can be deceiving, and also emphasises the great extent to which Tally has been conditioned to take things at face value.

In conclusion, Scott Westerfeld's novel Uglies makes a clear distinction between beauty and ugliness by making only one look beautiful, and every other possible appearance 'ugly'. The importance of looks becomes more than a surface issue, as everyone in the world of the novel are conditioned to judge the character and value of a person on their appearances. This becomes the main method of societal control as no one is able to look 'pretty' naturally, and without the intervention of government workers. This makes every citizen at the mercy of the whims of the leaders, as it is up to them to make it possible for people to live a good life and be accepted and regarded well by others. With distinctive language choices, Westerfeld shows how a modern world of comparison and perfectionism can be the most dreadful dystopia; a world of loneliness and self hatred. Within this system, non-conformists are not only shunned by each other, but due to their conditioning have no peace within themselves either, as physical appearance has been made not only the most important thing, but a signifier of someone's worth. Through exploring the idea of monoculturalism, readers can see the destructive power of sameness, and the psychological damage could occur if the image of acceptability is singular and naturally unattainable by most if not all people.

Books:

Lowry, L. (2014). The Giver. HarperCollins.

Westerfield, S. (2005). Uglies. Simon Pulse.

Websites:

Leonard, J., (2019). 'Cognitive dissonance: What to know'. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326738

Not Pretty Enough Lyrics. (n.d.). Lyrics.com. Retrieved June 28, 2022, from https://www.lyrics.com/lyric/5222660/Kasey+Chambers/Not+Pretty+Enough.

YourDictionary, (2022). 'Monoculture Definition'. https://www.yourdictionary.com/monoculture

Videos:

Kaseychamberstv. 2009, Kasey Chambers - Not Pretty Enough (Official Video), online video, viewed on 29 June 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5rOdF9rUKI

Tate McRae. 2022, Tate McRae - she's all i wanna be (Official Video), online video, viewed on 29 June 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uS_y_65CcpA

"Smize" like you mean it!

It does not seem long ago when I was a young teen watching America's Next Top Model, and first heard Tyra Banks tell the girls to "smile with their eyes" or "smize". Now that I have spent more than half a year teaching in a COVID-19 context, I believe I may have mastered this skill.

I am sure I was not the only one back in 2009 who was impressed by Tyra Banks, and her ability to smile without moving her lips. It was only recently when I noticed a similar "challenge" on TikTok - the love stare versus the hate stare. It is amazing how much we can change our face with the subtlest movements (my favourite being at 1:33).

Fast forward many years from the origin of "smizing", I am sure I am also not alone in feeling a little in the dark about how a person is feeling, as a level of face to face contact has been eliminated for the past few years. As Reilly puts it, "Sharing a warm smile with a stranger on the street or even during a social distanced hang out with friends is a lot more difficult now that face masks have become the norm" (Reilly, K. 2020).

Keeping that in mind though, a person's eyes (what can still be seen) can certainly communicate so much, if not more than a casual lip stretch. As an English teacher, I am well aware of the usual symbolism around eyes; that they are the window to the soul, that you can empathise with others and see their emotions through locking eyes, and that you can tell someone's true character and intent by examining their gaze. One of my favourite examples in literature would be in Steinbeck's East of Eden, where one of the characters is trying to work out what seems off about the seemingly perfect Cathy.

"He built her face in front of him and studied her wide- set eyes, delicate nostrils, mouth smaller than he liked but sweet, small firm chin, and back to her eyes. Were they cold? Was it her eyes? He was circling to the point. The eyes of Cathy had no message, no communication of any kind. There was nothing recognizable behind them. They were not human eyes." (Steinbeck, J. 1992)

Despite her physical beauty, it was her eyes which allowed Samuel to see her darker and arguably "evil" nature.

Science has certainly had its say about the topic also. In a 2017 study of 35 university students, it was found that direct gazing resulted in "what’s known as self-other merging. This means it reduces the boundaries between “self” and “other,” creating a feeling of “oneness” and connection" (Zhou, Jiang, & Zhu, 2018). English mentalist, illusionist, painter, and author Derren Brown found that in placing two complete strangers face to face for four minutes, feelings of empathy could be invoked. This was done as part of his Netflix tv special, 'Sacrifice' where a member of the public was involved in a faked medical experiment, and told it would increase his bravery and empathy, before being forced to decide whether he would take a bullet for a stranger.

Eye contact is certainly a powerful thing, and as a teacher in a COVID-19 world, it has been my main form of connecting with my students. While many of my students have yet to see the entirety of my face, they are able to see my care for them, my belief in their skills and their potential to succeed both academically, and beyond the confines of the classroom. In order to be a successful teacher, it is so important to make sure the students know you are on their side, and are there to facilitate a safe space for them to learn. From daily interactions with my students, and from the quality of their work, I can see that I have been able to build trust, and consistently provide them with the support that they need to flourish as learners.

In the past, I certainly mirrored the concern of Drew Barrymore, where she confessed that she was "...someone who loves warm exchanges with people. I smile at everyone. It's important to me...I worry all the time about the new normal of wearing masks, because it's hard to tell what everyone around us is thinking and communicating". However, Tyra Banks' "smizing" AKA "smiling with your eyes" is definitely the antidote to any anxiety around the issue. In 2020, 11 years after the debut of this concept, Banks joined Barrymore on her show to share the trade secrets around "smizing". She expressed that she "...never thought in a million years that [smizing] would mean so much more and come to me in so much more and be so important today with us wearing masks." Without further ado, here is how to "smize"in just two easy steps:

1. Think of something that delights you

Whether this is your dog's face when you get home from work, an obscure old Disney Channel reference, or the giggle of your friend's 5 year old son, there is always something joyful to refer to in your mind's eye. No matter what may be going on, there is always a reason to smile, and in this case, let that energy lift up, and radiate in your eyes. That way, others will not only see your happiness, but feel it too.

2. Use the muscles around your eyes, not just around your mouth

If we default to that semi-automatic 'mildly friendly lip stretch', your smile will not reach others. Make sure to let that energy reach all the way up to those peepers, and let it glow! According to Banks, "...now a smize doesn't just mean 'I'm fierce'. A smize today means 'thank you', or a smize means 'you go first', or a smize means 'I'm going to be here for you during this difficult time that you are going through right now." More than ever, we need to let people know we are there for them, no matter what happens.

Being at St Luke's Catholic College, I come to school every day with a smile, and I look forward to collaborating with my team teachers to help drive inquiry focused learning. Smiling is not only good for others, but for your own health too, as it "...not only offers a mood boost but helps our bodies release cortisol and endorphins that provide numerous health benefits, including: Reduced blood pressure, increased endurance, reduced pain, reduced stress, and a strengthened immune system" (Norwood, E. 2017). The ability to put on a happy face no matter what is going on is a powerful thing to do, and part of the resilience that teachers should be modelling for their students. Wearing a mask though, I remember to "smize", so I can share that warmth, and not end up simply squinting at everyone!

Articles:

Chu Zhou, Tianjiao Jiang & Lei Zhu(2018)Direct Gaze Blurs Self-Other Boundaries,The Journal of General Psychology,145:3,280-295,DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1469465

Books:

Steinbeck, John.East of Eden.New York: Penguin Books, 1992.

Websites:

Derren Brown & Vaudeville Productions Ltd., (2022). 'Derren Brown'. https://derrenbrown.co.uk

Healthline Media, (2013). 'How Eye Gazing May Bring You Closer to Someone Else'. https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-gazing

Malone, C., (2020). 'Tyra Banks Uses This Technique to Smize While Wearing a Mask'. https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/tyra-banks-smize-mask.html/

Norwood, E., (2017). 'Surprising Health Benefits Of Smiling'. https://www.henryford.com/blog/2017/10/health-benefits-smiling

Reilly, K. (2020). 'Watch Tyra Banks Teach Drew Barrymore How to Smize With a Mask'. https://www.eonline.com/news/1188934/watch-tyra-banks-teach-drew-barrymore-how-to-smize-with-a-mask

Videos:

Babyshark doodoo. 2022, Love Stare to Hate Stare TikToks | ”My Head is a Jungle” TikTok, online video, viewed on 10 June 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6VWIlez_hY

Ethos Ananda. 2018, Inducing Empathy Between Strangers | Derren Brown, online video, viewed on 10 June 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEnYAUvlTS8

Mark Parker. 2020, Nat King Cole "Smile" (1954), online video, viewed on 10 June 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyHoohNyYkw

Simopolis37. 2009, Tyra - Smile with your eyes, online video, viewed on 10 June 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZhRz6DZSrM

The Drew Barrymore Show. 2020, Tyra Banks Teaches Drew the Art of Smizing, online video, viewed on 10 June 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM_QXFcn7c8

The Killers Music. 2017, The Killers - Smile Like You Mean It, online video, viewed on 10 June 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAErD8xzjCM

Be the adult that the teenaged you could only dream of being

I think that most young people have an idea about what they want to do when they grow up. For me, it took a while to figure that out. The key was retraining to become a teacher, where I finally discovered that who I would be is more important than what I was doing. Only then was I truly able to become the "adult" of my dreams.

When I was very young, the first thing I remember wanting to be was a pink flamingo. That way, I could look pretty, pink, and stand on one foot all day. This plan however was short lived, as I soon discovered that one could not simply choose to be another species in order to get out of choosing a career.

Next, I wanted to be a ballerina. That way, I could be graceful and poised, like a real life princess. Even though I was still young, I knew it was too late. Some girls start dancing at 2 years old to become professional dancers in the future. When I went to my first dance class at 4 years old, I ignored the instructor, and ran around the room in my leotard and special shoes (in truth, the outfit was the only part I really liked!)

Following that, I wanted to be a famous novelist. That way, I could tell stories to make other people happy. While writing is still something I love and have done throughout my career, I never settled on an idea that would be my book. Such indecision and self criticism resulted in many partial drafts, and unexpressed feelings.

Going into high school now, I wanted to be a fashion designer. That way, I could be exactly like my favourite Aunt, who was able to travel all around the world, and make a name for herself. She also had so much self confidence, and a contagious cheerfulness that I wished I too could exude. During this time, I was a very shy person, and lacked the belief that I could truly be of any use to this world without definitive and performable talents. I studied hard, and achieved academically, but lacked an end goal that was truly mine and mine alone.

When it came time to put in my course preferences for university, I put down a range of schools and fields. In the end, I opted for a Media and Communications degree as it allowed me to incorporate my skills in English and design (over other courses including dentistry, psychology, journalism, fine arts, and graphic design). It was also a practical choice, as this degree would allow me to qualify for a larger number of jobs, in a continually growing field. I thought that by the end of my 4 year degree, I would surely discover my passion, and know what I really wanted to do.

As the years passed, I learnt a lot, and gained some more confidence in expressing my ideas to others. During university, I also taught swimming teaching, which took my people skills from a one to a nine. Talking with colleagues, parents, and students from 6 months to 89 years of age allowed me to come out of my shell, but most importantly provided me with a taste of what it was like to feel like I was fulfilling a purpose. Swimming aside, I lived for the anecdotes from students, and they too were happy to spend that half an hour with me a week to learn something new in their class of peers.

As I neared the end of my Bachelor's degree, I felt reluctant to give up what had become my normal routine for 4 years. If I wasn't at university, I was teaching swimming, and shift free weekends were rarely a thing. For a while, I considered staying at the University of Sydney to get a Doctorate and become a lecturer. That way, I could stay in the comfort zone I had curated. However, as my peers graduated and moved onto exciting and diverse jobs in the Media and Communications industry, I began to experience what is now known as FOMO (Fear of Missing Out). While I enjoyed my additional studies, I decided that I could return to study whenever I liked, so I decided to start sending out job applications.

Fast forward approximately 2 and a half years, and 3 corporate media jobs later, Covid happened. While lockdown was difficult to endure, I decided to make the most of the time by studying Korean, playing monopoly, and getting my Master's degree. In truth, I had done many things in my professional career so far. I had published articles, made and maintained websites, generated sales, curated quality customer experiences (CX), coordinated and ran corporate events for 200+ banking and finance executives, but when I stopped for a moment to breathe, I lacked a dream. I was definitely keeping busy and learning, but I didn't see what future I was truly working so hard for. While I was doing a lot, I didn't stop to consider what it was that I truly wanted to do.

When I started my Master's degree, I definitely felt like I had made the right decision to retrain as a teacher. I enjoyed learning about the curriculum, as well as pedagogical strategies and approaches I could adopt to help students on their learning journeys. It was fulfilling to design units of work and assessment tasks, as I found myself feeling excited for when I could deliver content to a real (rather than hypothetical) group of students. My practical experiences also proved to me that the decision to change my career was one of the best decisions I have ever made. In each school I have worked at, I was able to form connections with the staff, students, and units of work that I would need to bring to life. When I was in front of the classroom and delivering content I had worked so hard to prepare for the first time, it was so rewarding to see how the students engaged with the tasks, and developed their skills and knowledge.

Being at St Luke's Catholic College, I come to school every day with a smile, and I look forward to collaborating with my team teachers to help drive inquiry focused learning. For my career trajectory, I needed to stop for a moment and ask myself the 'why?' question: Why am I doing what I am doing? My pedagogy coach highlighted to me this term that a lesson must have a clear 'why', so that students will be driven to learning and critical thinking. This is why clear learning intentions and a success criteria are essential for each and every lesson. At times in learning and in life, it can be easy to be caught up in the motion. If you do more than you think, you will find yourself filling your days with tasks to complete within allotted times. In learning and in life, you must have a 'why', and you must remember to be the hero of your own story.

Now that I have found my career, I have stopped asking myself what I want to be when I grow up. I now have the chance to ask my students what they want to be, and I can actively help them achieve their dreams. On this, I have also come to see myself as a grown up, as I am now in the position to have a positive impact on the next generation. There is no more "when I grow up, I'll...", as the wait is over. Now is the time to be the person I have always wanted to be. Since the passing of my beautiful Aunt who lived in Texas from the Delta variant of Covid 19, it has been even more important to me to live my life to the fullest, and to be the person that I can admire and be proud of. I always wanted to be exactly like her: confident, cheerful, fun, compassionate, and free. Going through the motions of life wasn't cutting it, but now I feel like I can truly do my best to make her proud each day.

When I was a teenager, I thought an adult was red lipstick, mascara, pencil skirts, and high heels, but in truth, adulthood is not skin deep, or dependent on age. Today and every day, I do what I wished I had the confidence to do in my teens: to smile through the hard times, to trust in others, to be present and cheerful, and to accept myself as I am, flaws and all. I am excited to continue on my learning journey as an educator, as I now see the light at the end of the tunnel.

Video:

Amanda Genz. 2016, Scars to your beautiful - Alessia Cara (Lyrics), online video, viewed on 22 March 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWfjlIMiqBg&list=RDvWfjlIMiqBg&start_radio=1